Friday afternoon I had a lovely lunch of Cashews and Chicken at a local Chinese Restaurant with my Systematic Theology professor, Dr. Wittmer. He is as funny as he is scholarly (brownie points?) and I thoroughly enjoyed my second lunch with this new professor friend. (BTW, he’s written an excellent book called Heaven Is A Place on Earth. I would highly recommend digesting this deep, approachable work. [more brownie points, Dr W?]).

Like most of our discussions, we inevitably came to the topic of the emerging church movement. Like me, Dr. Wittmer is a recovering fundamentalist who is caught in the tension of his fundamentalist roots and what he perceives as shaky theology in this germinating movement. While he appreciates the emergent conversation and rejects much of his fundamentalism past, he still holds to the fundamentals of historic Christian orthodoxy and bemoans the loose-knuckled approach to belief within the emerging church (which will be answered by yet another book this fall called, Don’t Stop Believing.)

One of those bemoaned beliefs centers on the exclusivism of the Jesus and particularly the community of beliefs known as Christianity, or rather the inclusivism of the emerging church and the finding of God in the Other.

In our dialogue, he mentioned an essay in the year-old book by emersion (the Emergent line of books at Baker Publishing) called, An Emergent Manifesto of Hope . That essay, called “The Sweet Problem of Inclusiveness: Finding God in the Other” and written by Samir Selmanovic, a Seventh-Day Adventist pastor who grew up in a European Muslim family, explores the nature of the exclusivism of Christianity in relationship to the Other and the possibility that while “there is no salvation outside of Christ…there is salvation outside of Christianity.” (pg. 195)

Dr. Wittmer thought the essay was “bizarre” and “heretical”. I couldn’t recall the specifics of the chapter, but offered that maybe the author was simply deconstruction Christianity and our obsession over the institutionalization of Jesus rather than suggesting people can be God’s children simply by living like Jesus. He then challenged me to re-read the chapter and give him a 5-point essay on why it isn’t heretical (he was sorta kidding…) and I said I’d write a blog post, instead 🙂

So here is a reaction post specifically to Salmanovic’s essay in An Emergent Manifesto of Hope and more broadly to the inclusive tendencies of Emergent, all for (you) Dr. Wittmer!

Let me start by saying I’d consider myself apart of the emerging church conversation as a participant and appreciator. I participate as a read of and writer for the ideals of this refreshing movement; I participate as an appreciator, because I appreciate the general undercurrents of the conversation and what those leading the charge are trying to accomplish. But with that said, I also can see some troubling things within this diverse, adolescent movement. So after re-reading Selmanovic’s “inclusiveness” I come to this topic both appreciating and troubling. Let me continue…

The general theme of his essay is this: Is Christianity the only container of Jesus? In other words, is our religious system the only legitimate manager of Christ, or can people of other faith communities and spiritualities be in “partnership” or “relationship” with Christ.

Unfortunately, the author makes the mistake at the very beginning by confusing Religion with Story. Rather than dealing with the elements of the Story of the Holy Scriptures, he assumes that Christians believe our Religion is sine qua non, rather than our belief in God’s Redemptive Story of Jesus as told through the Holy Scriptures is end goal.

For instance, the author writes:

“But Christianity’s idea that other religions cannot be God’s carriers of grace and truth casts a large shadow over our Christian experience. Does grace, the central teaching of Christianity, permeate all of reality, or is it something that is alive only for those who possess the New Testament and the Christian tradition? Is the revelation that we have received through Jesus Christ an expression of what is everywhere at all times, or has the Christ Event emptied most of the world and time of saving grace and deposited it in one religion, namely ours? And more practically, how can we have a genuine two-way conversation with non-Christians about out experience of God if we believe that God withholds his revelation from everyone but Christians?”

Now this I agree with: do we honestly think that other faith communities do not contain reflections of what is real about God and His Reality? Because we are spiritual beings and created to relate to a Wholly Other that exists above and outside ourselves, it would make sense that varying human spiritual communities would reflect the strong human propensity for the Divine.

But the problem is the assumption that we through our own ability can create a truthful spiritual experience. While we are spiritual beings who were created to relate to God, Rebellion and Sin have “cracked” our ability to do both. So while other religions may contain fragments of God’s story (including even fragments of creation, rebellion, and redemption), those fragments are no substitute for The Story that is contained not in Christianity (which is such a weak strawman) but in the Holy Scriptures.

So, to answer his question “Does grace permeate all of reality, or is it only for and contained within Christianity?” allow me to use an oft used strategy from the Emergent playbook: that’s the wrong question! The teaching of grace has nothing to do with Christianity, but rather with God’s Redemptive Story. The issue is not whether the world has been emptied of saving grace and deposited into the human construct of Christianity (which is really what it seems he is getting at with this religion bit), but rather what Story tells the real story about saving grace.

At this point the real question should be this: what Story contains what is real about grace and salvation?

Moving on…

At another point, the author goes on to says this of the exclusiveness of Christianity:

“The Chominas and the Marks around us leave us wondering whether Christ can be more than Christianity. Or even other than Christianity. Can it be that the teachings of the gospel are embedded and can be found in reality itself rather than being exclusively isolated in sacred texts and our interpretations of these texts? If the answer is yes, can it be that they are embedded in other stories, other peoples’ histories, and even other religions?”

Again, the author confuses Religion with Story. Christianity is the institutionalized expression of God’s Redemptive Story as found in the Holy Scriptures. The Church is the community of called out and set apart people, by God, that embodies the Story and is sent on mission to reenact this Story by healing, restoring, and reconciling the world to Himself through Jesus Christ.

So the questions are these: Is God’s Redemptive Story isolated to the text of the Holy Scriptures? Well if you believe that God Created Humans to exist in an everlasting relationship with Himself and sought to communicate that intension to Humans through the Story embedded in the Holy Scriptures, then no. Now if this questions is no, then the second question is moot, but let’s humor him anyway. Is the good news of restoration through Jesus embedded in other religions? Hmmm, let’s ask a Muslim: Muslim, is the good news of restoration through the sacrifice and grace of God through faith in Jesus Christ found in your religion? Sort of a silly question, isn’t it Samir?

Again, Christianity as a human religious construct really isn’t the issue, Selmanovic. The issue is the Story of Jesus. Is that Story found in other texts? No, it is found in the Text of the Holy Scriptures. Is the Story of Jesus embedded in other religions? No, it is the Story of God’s Redemptive Community, a.k.a. the Church.

Which leads us the the next juicy piece of revelation (notice the lowercase ‘r’):

“We do believe that God is best defined by the historical revelation in Jesus Christ, but to believe that God is limited to it would be an attempt to manage God. If one holds that Christ is confined to Christianity, one has chosen a god that is not sovereign.”

At this point, I do believe I’m scared. I think I’m scared because I didn’t notice these sentences before, or maybe I did but was wholly uncritical of them and this entire essay, taking long, hard sips of the Emergent Kool-Aid perhaps. Also, at this point I wish I was sitting down with Samir and asking him in conversation about these two particular sentences.

If I were sitting across from Samir, I’d ask him to explain to explain three words: best, limited, and confined. First, I’d ask Him what in the worlds he means by “God is best defined by the historical revelation of Jesus Christ.” Has he not read Barth, the patron theologian of the emerging church? Wasn’t it somewhere in Church Dogmatics that he said Jesus Christ was thee fullest, complete, and entire revelation of God? Is Jesus not the ultimate expression of God’s Divine Self-Disclosure? How is he the best? Does that mean there are other not-so-best revelations of God aside from Jesus elsewhere in the cosmos?

And this leads to word number two: limited. Let me get this straight:

God…Yahweh…the I AM is not limited to Jesus Christ ?

Did something get lost in the translation? And what’s more: limiting God’s Divine Self-Disclosure to Jesus Christ is somehow theistic management? Limiting the God as revealed in His Story to God-with-us-God as found in His Story to Jesus is us managing God? To be honest: I don’t know what to do with this! If God’s Redemptive Story as found in the entirety of the Holy Scriptures is real and truly a form of God’s Divine Self-Disclosure (read: revelation) then how can you say that reducing God to Jesus Christ is improper?

What’s more: how can you say Jesus is not confined to the Christian Story? Again, the author seems to have difficulty distinguishing between Religion and Story. Christianity has nothing to do with it. God’s Redemptive Story as communicated through the Holy Scriptures does. And if one does not believe that God’s Divine Self-Disclosure is not limited to Jesus Christ, and this not confined to the Christian Story, then I wonder how you can even call yourself a Christian. Or if you prefer, a follower of Jesus. If Jesus is not the only expression of God, then what are we doing?

I’d say this is the most disturbing quotation of the essay, but then I’d forget about a section at the beginning of the piece. After recounting a story of how an Algonquin tribal chief, Chomina, rejected the offerings of eternal life by a Jesuit priest because he wanted to be with his woman and boy in his paradise, Selmanovic says:

“‘What would you choose, eternal life without your lived ones or eternal death with them?’ Chomina knew his answer. He would rather die than live without his beloved. Moved by the Holy Spirit people like Chomina reject the idea of allegiance to the name of Christ and, instead, want to be like Him and this accept Him at a deeper level. This choice between accepting the name of Christ and being Christlike has been placed before millions of people in human history and today.”

Samir, the early church was not persecuted because they offered people eternal life, a paradise or even a set of pietistic rules to walk in. No, the early church was persecuted and butchered by Empire Rome because they precisely accepted, yea proclaimed, Christ as Lord and Messiah, rather than Caesar. Despite the fact Caesar was called the Son of God and Savior of the World, they knew through both the verbal testimony of the apostles and actualy working of the Holy Spirit that Jesus Christ was Lord, not Caesar, and he was the one to whom they were to surrender their lives. It was His Story they were to step into, rather than the false stories (and especially divine ones) of Rome. Rome could have cared less about a band of people wanting to live well. What they cared was that thousands of people accepted the name of Christ, over against the name of Caesar.

And while I myself struggle with what to make of other religions and people who live good lives, lives reflective of the Way of Jesus, I go back to this: Faith isnt the point in the first place; faith does not save, faith does nothing for a person (other than perhaps provide a bit of psychological health…). Rather, the object to which that faith is placed has the only power to save (or not). Faith is not the Savior or Healer or Restorer or Forgiver, Jesus is. Jesus is the Powerful One. Jesus is the One (and only one) who has defeated Death and provided the Final Sacrifice. Not Buddah or Muhammad or even Moses for that matter.

Having Faith or being in Faith or coming from a Faith Tradition has become quite in vogue in the past few years, because it is incredibly noncommittal. Anyone can “have Faith” and “be in Faith” without it interfering in there lives or the lives of those around them. But Faith is nothing without Jesus. I say it again: faith is nothing unless it is placed in Jesus of Nazareth, the Christ.

So, Selmanovic, to say that the Holy Spirit guides people “to reject the idea of allegiance to the name of Christ” and, instead, simply live and be like Him is, at minimum, utter and complete nonsense that borders heresy. And to even suggest that rejecting allegiance to Christ in exchange for a good, lived life is a deeper level of commitment is reckless and wholly unsupported by God’s communication to humanity through the Holy Scriptures that suggests far otherwise.

While I can appreciate, at some level, the argument throughout this essay that we need to drop the requirements for people to embrace an institutionalized from of Jesus (in the form of the Christian religion), I struggle with how to do that without dropping the Story about Him or the community that He Himself built: the Church. There is a fine line between dropping the Religion and dropping the Story, and at times I feel the emerging church (as reflected in this essay) crosses the line by letting loose of the single Story that only matters: rescue from exile and restoration to relationship with God through Jesus Christ.

I am no emerging church hater and fully identify with the general thrust of this conversation. But it’s essays like this that cause me to question the limitlessness of the dialogue. While I embrace diversity and will be the first to help erect the tent, at what expense do we continue renovating the tent to include more and more voices? Do we expense with human nature? The nature of sin? Or the essence of Jesus himself? May this conversation continue dialoguing widely and deeply, by may we also conclude those conversations with punctuation marks and underscore a belief. May we continue deconstructing the human constructs of the institutional form of faith in Jesus, but may we not whittle Jesus and the grandur of God’s Redemptive Story down to human inclinations and persuasions.

Is Christianity the only container of Jesus and His redemption? No, but God’s Redemptive Story as found in the Holy Scriptures is. May we devote ourselves not to a Religion, but a Story, the Story of rescue and restoration to relationship with God through Jesus and Jesus alone.